Allegation of Research Misconduct

This journal takes all allegations of research misconduct seriously, including data fabrication, data falsification, image manipulation, plagiarism, and unethical research practices.

Allegations raised prior to or after publication will be thoroughly investigated by the Editorial Board in accordance with COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines.

Whistleblowers and respondents will be treated with confidentiality. If evidence of misconduct is found, the journal reserves the right to issue corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions, and may notify the authors' affiliated institution.