Peran Disregulasi Imunitas dalam Terapi Kusta pada Area Endemis: Artikel Review

The Role of Immune Dysregulation in Leprosy Treatment in Endemic Areas: Review Article

Authors

  • Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa Dermatology and Venereology Departement, Medical Faculty of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia Author
  • Faradiba Maharani Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia Author

Keywords:

kusta, disregulasi imunitas, terapi kusta

Abstract

Kusta, penyakit menular kronis yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium leprae, masih menimbulkan masalah kesehatan dan menjadi endemis di beberapa negara. Jumlah kasus kusta baru masih dilaporkan di negara endemis secara konstan. Upaya terapi pada pasien kusta dilakukan dengan tujuan menurunkan tingkat penularan dan kecacatan penderita kusta. Terapi kusta dengan penggunaan regimen multidrug (MDT) terbukti mampu menurunkan jumlah kasus kusta namun belum dapat menekan laju pertumbuhan kasus kusta baru. Jumlah kasus kusta baru yang bersifat konstan di area endemis menunjukkan terdapat infeksi komunitas dan ketidakmampuan MDT sebagai strategi tunggal untuk menyelesaikan pengobatan dan menghentikan penularan kusta. Penularan penyakit kusta diketahui bersifat multifaktorial yang melibatkan: faktor mikroba, faktor pejamu, dan faktor lingkungan. Faktor-faktor tersebut diduga dapat menyebabkan disregulasi imunitas dan meningkatkan risiko infeksi kusta pada penduduk yang tinggal di daerah endemis. Pemahaman mengenai disregulasi imunitas diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan pengobatan dan pemberantasan 
kusta. 

References

C. Franco-Paredes and A. J. Rodriguez-Morales, “Unsolved matters in leprosy: A descriptive review and call for further research,” Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, vol. 15, no. 1. 2016, doi: 10.1186/s12941-016-0149-x.

OMS, “Weekly epidemiological record. Global leprosy update, 2018: moving towards a leprosy,” Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., vol. 94, no. August 2019, pp. 389–412, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326775/WER9435-36-en-fr.pdf.

WHO, Integrating Neglected tropical diseases into global health and development: fourth WHO report on neglected tropical diseases. 2017.

M. Malathi and D. M. Thappa, “Fixed-duration therapy in leprosy: Limitations and opportunities,” Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2013, doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.108029.

S. D. Santos, G. O. Penna, M. da C. N. Costa, M. S. Natividade, and M. G. Teixeira, “Leprosy in children and adolescents under 15 years old in an urban centre in Brazil,” Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 111, no. 6, pp. 359–364, 2016, doi: 10.1590/0074-02760160002.

M. C. A. Vieira, J. S. Nery, E. S. Paixão, K. V. Freitas de Andrade, G. Oliveira Penna, and M. G. Teixeira, “Leprosy in children under 15 years of age in Brazil: A systematic review of the literature,” PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 2018, doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006788.

S. Sadhu and D. K. Mitra, “Emerging concepts of adaptive immunity in leprosy,” Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 9, no. APR. 2018, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00604.

T. H. M. Ottenhoff, “New pathways of protective and pathological host defense to mycobacteria,” Trends in Microbiology, vol. 20, no. 9. pp. 419–428, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.06.002.

M. L. Palermo et al., “Increased expression of regulatory T cells and down-regulatory molecules in lepromatous leprosy,” Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 878–883, 2012, doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0088.

K. Bobosha et al., “T-Cell Regulation in Lepromatous Leprosy,” PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., vol. 8, no. 4, 2014, doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002773.

J. R. de Sousa, M. N. Sotto, and J. A. S. Quaresma, “Leprosy as a complex infection: Breakdown of the Th1 and Th2 immune paradigm in the immunopathogenesis of the disease,” Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 8, no. NOV. 2017, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01635.

F. R. S. Prakoeswa et al., “Correlation Analysis between Household Hygiene and Sanitation and Nutritional Status and Female Leprosy in Gresik Regency,” Dermatol. Res. Pract., vol. 2020, 2020, doi: 10.1155/2020/4379825.

P. A. M. Schreuder, S. Noto, and J. H. Richardus, “Epidemiologic trends of leprosy for the 21st century,” Clin. Dermatol., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 24–31, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.11.001.

World Health Organization, “Weekly epidemiological record. Global leprosy update, 2018: moving towards a leprosy,” Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., vol. 94, no. August 2019, pp. 389–412, 2019, doi: 94 (?35/36)?, 389 - 411.

M. B. Santos et al., “Distinct Roles of Th17 and Th1 Cells in Inflammatory Responses Associated with the Presentation of Paucibacillary Leprosy and Leprosy Reactions,” Scand. J. Immunol., vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 40–49, 2017, doi: 10.1111/sji.12558.

Q. A. Cendaki, “The Findings of Mycobacterium Leprae DNA Existence in the Air as an Indication of Leprosy Transmission from Respiratory System,” J. Kesehat. Lingkung., vol. 10, no. 2, p. 181, 2018, doi: 10.20473/jkl.v10i2.2018.181-190.

L. R. S. Kerr-Pontes, M. L. Barreto, C. M. N. Evangelista, L. C. Rodrigues, J. Heukelbach, and H. Feldmeier, “Socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioural risk factors for leprosy in North-east Brazil: Results of a case-control study,” Int. J. Epidemiol., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 994–1000, 2006, doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl072.

Ulina, DR, Pramuningtyas, Ratih, Dasuki, MS, Prakoeswa, FR. "Personal Hygiene dan Status Gizi Sebagai Faktor Risiko Kusta Anak". Proceeding Book National Symposium and workshop Continuing Medical Education XIV. FK UMS. 2021.

R. Ratnawati, Rahfiludin, MZ, and Kartasurya, “Relationship between Home Physical and Non-Physical Environment with Anti Phenolic Glicolipid-1 IgM Antibody Levels in Children of Leprosy Patients (House Physical and Non-Physical Environment Associated with Levels of IgM Anti Phenolic Glicolipid-1 (PGL-,” Period. Ski. Heal. Gend., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 201–207, 2018.

M. PrabhuDas et al., “Immune mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface: Perspectives and challenges,” Nature Immunology, vol. 16, no. 4. pp. 328–334, 2015, doi: 10.1038/ni.3131.

F. R. S. Prakoeswa et al., “Comparison of IL-17 and FOXP3+ Levels in Maternal and Children Leprosy Patients in Endemic and Nonendemic Areas,” Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis., vol. 2021, 2021, doi: 10.1155/2021/8879809.

S. Sadhu, B. K. Khaitan, B. Joshi, U. Sengupta, A. K. Nautiyal, and D. K. Mitra, “Reciprocity between Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells: Relevance to Polarized Immunity in Leprosy,” PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., vol. 10, no. 1, 2016, doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004338.

C. Saini, M. Tarique, R. Rai, A. Siddiqui, N. Khanna, and A. Sharma, “T helper cells in leprosy: An update,” Immunology Letters, vol. 184. pp. 61–66, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.013.

V. P. Dwivedi et al., “Diet and nutrition: An important risk factor in leprosy,” Microb. Pathog., vol. 137, no. August, p. 103714, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103714.

C. M. P. Vázquez et al., “Micronutrientes que influyen en la respuesta immune en la lepra,” Nutr. Hosp., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 26–36, 2014, doi: 10.3305/nh.2014.29.1.6988.

N. Z. Gammoh and L. Rink, “Zinc in infection and inflammation,” Nutrients. 2017, doi: 10.3390/nu9060624.

S. Oktaria, N. S. Hurif, W. Naim, H. B. Thio, T. E. C. Nijsten, and J. H. Richardus, “Dietary diversity and poverty as risk factors for leprosy in Indonesia: A case-control study,” PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., vol. 12, no. 3, 2018, doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006317.

S. Chaitanya, M. Lavania, R. P. Turankar, S. R. Karri, and U. Sengupta, “Increased serum circulatory levels of interleukin 17F in type 1 reactions of leprosy,” J. Clin. Immunol., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1415–1420, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s10875-012-9747-3.

Downloads

Published

2024-11-14

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): J. Sains Kes.

Section

Review

How to Cite

[1]
F. R. Sigit Prakoeswa and F. Maharani, “Peran Disregulasi Imunitas dalam Terapi Kusta pada Area Endemis: Artikel Review: The Role of Immune Dysregulation in Leprosy Treatment in Endemic Areas: Review Article”, J. Sains. Kes, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 99–104, Nov. 2024, Accessed: Sep. 19, 2025. [Online]. Available: http://jsk.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JSK/article/view/347

Similar Articles

1-10 of 81

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.