Comparison of Medication Error Incidences in the Prescribing and Transcribing Phases in Inpatients and Outpatients

Asti Anggraini; Muhammad Subhan A. Sibadu; Marhamah Marhamah; Liasari Armaijn

doi:10.30872/

Authors

Asti Anggraini Khairun University Author
Muhammad Subhan A. Sibadu Khairun University Author
Marhamah Marhamah Khairun University Author
Liasari Armaijn Khairun University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/

Keywords:

medication errors, prescribing, transcribing, inpatient, outpatient

Abstract

Medication error is an indicator of pharmaceutical service quality that may affect patient safety. This study aimed to analyze differences in the proportions of medication errors during the prescribing and transcribing phases between inpatients and outpatients at the Pharmacy Installation of Tidore Islands Regional Hospital. This quantitative study employed a comparative analytical observational design. The analysis included 1,200 inpatient prescriptions and 2,574 outpatient prescriptions from the study by Sibadu et al. (2026), conducted during the same period. Differences in proportions were analyzed using the Chi-square test, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Prescribing errors were more frequent among inpatients (31.5%) than outpatients (7.8%) (OR = 5.46; 95% CI: 4.52–6.59; p < 0.001). Conversely, transcribing errors were more frequent among outpatients (15.5%) than inpatients (0.5%), with the odds of transcribing errors among outpatients being 36.61 times those among inpatients (95% CI: 16.30–82.24; p < 0.001). It can be concluded that significant differences exist in the proportions and patterns of medication errors between inpatient and outpatient services. These findings support the need for prevention strategies tailored to the error patterns observed in each type of service, without implying a causal relationship.

Author Biographies

Asti Anggraini, Khairun University

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
Muhammad Subhan A. Sibadu, Khairun University

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
Marhamah Marhamah, Khairun University

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
Liasari Armaijn, Khairun University

Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia

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