Analysis of the Effect of Spraying Frequency and Working Period on Acetylcholinesterase Levels in Corn Farming Using Pesticides

Muawanah Muawanah; Nurul Azhima; Muh. Aswar; Muh. Rifo Rianto; Sabaniah Indjar Gama

doi:10.30872/

Authors

Muawanah Muawanah Politeknik Muhammadiyah Makassar Author
Nurul Azhima Politeknik Muhammadiyah Makassar Author
Muh. Aswar Politeknik Muhammadiyah Makassar Author
Muh. Rifo Rianto Politeknik Muhammadiyah Makassar Author
Sabaniah Indjar Gama Mulawarman University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/

Keywords:

pesticide, spraying frequency, duration of work, acethylcholinesterase level

Abstract

Pesticides are hazardous chemical substances used to control pests that threaten human health, support agricultural and plantation productivity, and eradicate disease-transmitting vectors. Increasing pesticide use may elevate the risk of exposure among farmers and affect nervous system function by inhibiting cholinesterase activity, leading to decreased acetylcholinesterase levels. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. This study aimed to analyze the association of spraying frequency and duration of employment with acetylcholinesterase levels among maize farmers who use pesticides. The study employed a photometric method with a laboratory observational design and purposive sampling. Associations were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Among the 20 farmer samples, 18 had acetylcholinesterase levels within the normal range, ranging from 5,523 to 11,151 U/L, while two had elevated levels, ranging from 13,572 to 14,453 U/L, compared with the reference ranges of 4,620–11,500 U/L for males and 3,930–10,800 U/L for females. The analysis showed no statistically significant associations between spraying frequency and acetylcholinesterase levels (p = 0.456) or between duration of employment and acetylcholinesterase levels (p = 0.329). In conclusion, no significant associations were found between spraying frequency or duration of employment and acetylcholinesterase levels among maize farmers who use pesticides.

Author Biographies

Muawanah Muawanah, Politeknik Muhammadiyah Makassar

Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Muhammadiyah Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia
Nurul Azhima, Politeknik Muhammadiyah Makassar

Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Muhammadiyah Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia
Muh. Aswar, Politeknik Muhammadiyah Makassar

Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Muhammadiyah Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia
Muh. Rifo Rianto, Politeknik Muhammadiyah Makassar

Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Muhammadiyah Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia
Sabaniah Indjar Gama, Mulawarman University

Department of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia

References

[1] S. Chandra, A. N. Mahindrakar, and L. P. Shinde, “Determination of pesticides residues in vegetables by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,” [nama jurnal belum terverifikasi], vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 467–472, 2013.

[2] B. Rosita and D. P. Mayaserly, “Hubungan kadar enzim cholinesterase dengan hipertensi pada petani cabe di Kabupaten Tanah Datar,” Menara Ilmu: J. Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 163–172, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.31869/mi.v17i2.4113.

[3] D. Y. Saputra, Purwati, and T. Harningsih, “Penentuan kadar enzim kolinesterase pada petani pengguna pestisida organofosfat berdasarkan frekuensi penyemprotan,” J. Farmasi (J. Pharmacy), vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 21–25, 2020, doi: 10.37013/jf.v9i2.106.

[4] M. R. Syamsir, N. Syam, and A. G. Djafrie, “Hubungan paparan pestisida organofosfat dengan kadar hemoglobin petani penyemprot pestisida,” HIGIENE: J. Kesehatan Lingkungan, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 122–128, Dec. 2023.

[5] P. Yushananta, I. Sariyanto, Y. Anggraini, M. Ahyanti, E. Sujito, and B. Murwanto, “Pencegahan keracunan pestisida pada ibu hamil di daerah pertanian hortikultura,” J. Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Maju, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 10–17, 2021, doi: 10.33221/jpmim.v2i01.1003.

[6] D. P. Mayaserli, B. Rosita, and E. Remadhani, “Pengaruh waktu paparan pestisida organofosfat terhadap kadar kolinesterase dalam darah dengan metode komperator,” J. Kesehatan Perintis, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 31–38, 2022.

[7] J. Li et al., “Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of sesquiterpenoids isolated from Laggera pterodonta,” Front. Plant Sci., vol. 14, Art. no. 1074184, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1074184.

[8] Muawanah and N. Q. Rasyid, “Analisis kualitatif residu pestisida pada bahan pangan dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT),” Lontara J. Health Sci. Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 113–120, 2021, doi: 10.53861/lontarariset.v2i2.222.

[9] A. Marcherya, “Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as markers of pesticide,” [nama jurnal belum terverifikasi], vol. 7, pp. 19–22, 2020.

[10] M. C. Nuria, E. Y. Sukandar, A. G. Suganda, and M. Insanu, “Aktivitas inhibisi asetilkolinesterase empat jenis sayuran secara in vitro,” J. Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 43–50, 2019, doi: 10.31942/jiffk.v16i01.2928.

[11] K. Berlian, J. Farizal, and Susiwati, “Gambaran kadar enzim cholinesterase pada wanita usia subur (WUS) yang aktif membantu aktivitas pertanian di Kecamatan Sukaraja Kabupaten Seluma tahun 2017,” [nama jurnal belum terverifikasi], vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 22–26, 2017.

[12] J. A. Kapeleka, E. Sauli, O. Sadik, and P. A. Ndakidemi, “Biomonitoring of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity among smallholder horticultural farmers occupationally exposed to mixtures of pesticides in Tanzania,” J. Environ. Public Health, vol. 2019, Art. no. 3084501, 2019, doi: 10.1155/2019/3084501.

[13] Himayati and I. T. Susilowati, “Hubungan masa kerja dan paparan pestisida terhadap kadar cholinesterase petugas penyemprot di perkebunan kelapa sawit,” J. Kesehatan, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 235–240, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.26630/jk.v14i2.3247.

[14] D. Evitasari and S. Martuti, “Hubungan masa kerja terhadap kadar enzim cholinesterase dalam darah petani padi pengguna pestisida di Kelurahan Tirtorahayu Kabupaten Kulon Progo,” J. Kesehatan Tambusai, vol. 5, pp. 13048–13058, 2024.

[15] Z. Armah, Z. A. Hasan, Widarti, and A. K. Misbahuddin, “Hubungan kadar cholinesterase terhadap kadar hemoglobin pada petani terpapar pestisida di Kabupaten Takalar,” J. Media Analis Kesehatan, 2024.

[16] F. L. Dwiyanti, Y. H. Darundiati, and N. A. Y. Dewanti, “Hubungan masa kerja, lama kerja, lama penyemprotan dan frekuensi penyemprotan terhadap kadar kolinesterase dalam darah pada petani di Desa Sumberejo Kecamatan Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang,” J. Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip), vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 128–134, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.14710/jkm.v6i6.22167.

[17] Muawanah, A. Fatmawati, N. Q. Rasyid, and D. Pramudya, “Profil kadar asetil kolinesterase pada petani pengguna pestisida di Kabupaten Jeneponto,” Medika Trada: J. Teknik Elektromedik Polbitrada, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 49–54, 2025.

[18] H. Rismayanti, N. Syam, and M. Ikhtiar, “Pengaruh penggunaan pestisida terhadap kadar cholinesterase dan kadar hemoglobin pada petani sawah di Kelurahan Pammanu,” Window Public Health J., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 305–315, 2025, doi: 10.33096/woph.v6i2.821.

[19] G. N. Fajriani, F. R. Fadhilla, and R. R. Hutagaol, “Hubungan intensitas penyemprotan pestisida dengan kadar kolinesterase dalam darah petani di Desa Pasirhalang Kabupaten Bandung Barat,” Meditory: J. Med. Lab., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 66–76, Dec. 2019.

[20] R. A. and R. K., “Effect of combination pesticide on acetylcholinesterase activity in freshwater fish Danio rerio,” Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1305–1310, 2015.

[21] M. Ikhtiar and R. Hasrun, “Pengaruh lama kerja dan masa kerja terhadap kadar cholinesterase pada petani,” Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal, vol. 14, pp. 1233–1238, 2024.