Comparison of Medication Error Incidences in the Prescribing and Transcribing Phases in Inpatients and Outpatients at Tidore Islands Regional Hospital

Asti Anggraini; Muhammad Subhan A. Sibadu; Marhamah Marhamah; Liasari Armaijn

doi:10.30872/

Authors

Asti Anggraini Khairun University Author
Muhammad Subhan A. Sibadu Khairun University Author
Marhamah Marhamah Khairun University Author
Liasari Armaijn Khairun University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/

Keywords:

medication errors, prescribing, transcribing, inpatient, outpatient

Abstract

Medication errors are a quality indicator in pharmaceutical services that can impact patient safety. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the proportions of medication errors during the prescribing and transcribing phases between inpatient and outpatient settings at the Pharmacy Unit of Tidore Islands City Regional General Hospital (RSD). A quantitative approach with a comparative analytic observational design was employed. The analysis covered 1.200 inpatient prescriptions meeting the inclusion criteria and 2.574 outpatient prescriptions from the study by Sibadu et al. (2026) conducted during the same period. Differences in proportions were analyzed using the Chi-Square test, supplemented by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Prescribing errors were higher in the inpatient setting (31.5%) compared to the outpatient setting (7.8%) (OR=5.46; 95% CI 4.52–6.59; p<0.001). Conversely, transcribing errors were higher in the outpatient setting (15.5%) compared to the inpatient setting (0.5%), with the odds of transcribing errors in the outpatient setting being 36.61 times higher than in the inpatient setting (95% CI 16.30–82.24; p<0.001). The results indicate distinct patterns of medication errors based on the type of service, without implying a causal relationship. Prevention strategies need to be tailored to the error patterns observed in each service setting.

Author Biographies

Asti Anggraini, Khairun University

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
Muhammad Subhan A. Sibadu, Khairun University

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
Marhamah Marhamah, Khairun University

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
Liasari Armaijn, Khairun University

Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia

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