Aquatic Ecosystems: Biodiversity, Conservation, Human Impacts, and Global Importance

Abdunnur; Hamdi Mayulu

doi:10.30872/

Penulis

Abdunnur Universitas Mulawarman Penulis
Hamdi Mayulu Universitas Mulawarman Penulis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4274-2726 (tidak diautentikasi)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/

Kata Kunci:

Ekosistem akuatik, keanekaragaman hayati, konservasi, perikanan, Kalimantan Timur

Abstrak

Semi-ulasan ini memandang ekosistem akuatik sebagai sistem penyangga kehidupan yang mendukung keanekaragaman hayati, regulasi iklim, ketahanan pangan, kesehatan lingkungan, dan aktivitas ekonomi. Artikel ini memadukan literatur ilmiah tentang lingkungan laut, pesisir, estuari, rawa, danau, sungai, dan lahan basah dengan statistik resmi dari publikasi Kalimantan Timur Dalam Angka periode 2020-2026. Melalui pendekatan naratif-kritis, ulasan ini memeriksa struktur komunitas, fungsi ekologis, jasa ekosistem, tekanan akibat aktivitas manusia, respons konservasi, dan prioritas penelitian masa depan. Bukti menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem akuatik mendukung keragaman genetik, spesies, dan habitat yang substansial, namun polusi, penangkapan ikan berlebih, perubahan penggunaan lahan, fragmentasi aliran, spesies asing invasif, dan perubahan iklim secara bersama-sama mengikis kondisi ekosistem. Kalimantan Timur memberikan gambaran regional yang berguna: provinsi ini memiliki sistem danau utama di Kutai Kartanegara dan Kutai Timur, jaringan sungai yang luas, serta pada tahun 2024 memproduksi 216,04 ribu ton dari perikanan tangkap dan 245,16 ribu ton dari perikanan budidaya. Aset ekologis dan angka produksi ini memperjelas bahwa konservasi tidak dapat dipisahkan dari tata kelola perikanan, manajemen kualitas air, pemulihan habitat, dan kebijakan lintas sektor. Oleh karena itu, ulasan ini menekankan manajemen berbasis ekosistem, penguatan hubungan antara pemantauan biologis dan data spasial, restorasi lahan basah dan pesisir, serta kolaborasi berkelanjutan antar pemangku kepentingan sebagai fondasi praktis untuk konservasi akuatik adaptif.

Biografi Penulis

Abdunnur, Universitas Mulawarman

Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Hamdi Mayulu, Universitas Mulawarman

Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

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