Peranan Sel Limfosit Dalam Imunulogi: Artikel Review

Authors

Keywords:

Limfosit, Imunologi, Imunitas Adaptif

Abstract

Limfosit ditemukan dalam darah dan limfonodi. Selain sel Natural Killer (NK), sel T dan sel B adalah berbagai bentuk limfosit. Masing-masing sel ini memainkan peran mendasar dalam respons imun adaptif tubuh. Sel B berperan penting dalam respon imun, secara resmi dikenal sebagai prekursor sel penghasil antibodi: sel plasma. Penemuan dewasa ini menunjukkan bahwa peran sel B lebih jauh dari sekedar menghasilkan antibodi. Terdapat berbagai sub tipe sel limfosit B yang berbeda dengan peran yang berbeda, baik pada respon innate maupun adaptif, yang mencakup pengenalan antigen, pemrosesan, dan penyajiannya pada sel T, serta produksi sitokin yang berdampak dan memodulasi respons terhadap patogen. Secara klasik, telah dipertimbangkan bahwa limfosit B tidak memiliki kemampuan fagositik yang memungkinkan mereka untuk menginternalisasi, memproses, atau bahkan terinfeksi oleh patogen bakteri. Berdasarkan informasi terbaru, ditunjukkan bahwa sel B dapat dengan mudah terinfeksi oleh bakteri patogen dan bereaksi terhadap infeksi tersebut. Sel T berperan dalam respon imun sitotoksik. Sel T termasuk dalam sistem imun adaptif dan melakukan beragam fungsi dalam regulasi imun, peradangan, serta respons imun protektif. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, telah ditunjukkan bahwa sel T pada dasarnya terlibat di seluruh spektrum fisiologi dan patologi jaringan, tidak hanya dalam reaksi atau penyakit yang dianggap sebagai respon imunologis tulen, tetapi juga, mengutip beberapa contoh, terlibat dalam metabolisme, perbaikan jaringan, disbiosis, dan kehamilan. Penelitian dasar pada sel T juga merupakan cikal bakal yang melahirkan era baru imunoterapi yang melibatkan banyak peneliti dalam menemukan obat untuk kanker. Ulasan artikel ini bertujuan untuk lebih memahami temuan terbaru mengenai pembentukan dan mekanisme kerja limfosit, terutama pada sistem
imunitas adaptif. Pada artikel review ini dijelaskan berbagai bentuk limfosit dan peran imunomodulatornya
dalam kesehatan dan penyakit.

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Published

2024-11-14

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 4 (2020): J. Sains Kes.

Section

Review

How to Cite

Peranan Sel Limfosit Dalam Imunulogi: Artikel Review. (2024). Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan, 2(4), 525-537. https://jsk.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JSK/article/view/287