Effect of PVP K-30 Polymer Variation on Particle Size and Characteristics of Kratom Leaf Extract (Mitragyna speciosa K.) Nanosuspension

Angga Cipta Narsa; Juniza Firdha Suparningtyas; Venny Nur Ramatia; Mohamed Mahmud E Aldeeb; M. Wahyu Ariawan; Nurul Muhlisa Mus; Muh. Deni Kurniawan

doi:10.30872/

Authors

Angga Cipta Narsa Mulawarman University Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4698-6541 (unauthenticated)
Juniza Firdha Suparningtyas Mulawarman University Author
Venny Nur Ramatia Mulawarman University Author
Mohamed Mahmud E Aldeeb University Elmergib Author
M. Wahyu Ariawan Mulawarman University Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4666-6601 (unauthenticated)
Nurul Muhlisa Mus Mulawarman University Author
Muh. Deni Kurniawan Mulawarman University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/

Keywords:

Mitragyna speciosa, Nanoprecipitation, Nanosuspension, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Steric stabilizer.

Abstract

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa K.) possesses therapeutic potential that is limited by its poor aqueous solubility. This study aimed to analyze the effect of varying polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) concentrations as a steric stabilizer on the physicochemical parameters, morphology, and in vitro dissolution profile of kratom leaf ethanol extract nanosuspension. Formulations were prepared via the nanoprecipitation technique with extract-to-PVP K-30 mass ratios of 1:0 (F0), 1:1 (F1), 1:2 (F2), and 1:4 (F3). Results indicated that the extract (19.02% yield) tested positive for various secondary metabolites. Optical evaluation determined F2 as the most optimal dispersion with a transmittance of 96.76%. The intervention of PVP K-30 in F2 significantly reduced the particle size to 722.9 nm with a homogeneous distribution (PDI 0.685) and yielded a spherical morphology without agglomeration, distinctly different from the F0 control (804.9 nm; PDI 2.095; irregular asymmetric). The 240-minute in vitro dissolution test demonstrated that F2 released 47.15% of active alkaloids, higher than F0 (28.72%). In conclusion, PVP K-30 at a 1:2 ratio proved effective in modifying morphology, suppressing agglomeration, and significantly enhancing the dissolution rate of the preparation.

Author Biographies

Angga Cipta Narsa, Mulawarman University

Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
Juniza Firdha Suparningtyas, Mulawarman University

Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
Venny Nur Ramatia, Mulawarman University

Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
Mohamed Mahmud E Aldeeb, University Elmergib

Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Elmergib, Alkhoms, Libya
M. Wahyu Ariawan, Mulawarman University

Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
Nurul Muhlisa Mus, Mulawarman University

Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
Muh. Deni Kurniawan, Mulawarman University

Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia

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