An Evaluation of the Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Activity of an Ethanolic Extract from Rhizophora mucronata Leaf

Authors

  • Usman Usman Study Program of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Author
  • Pintaka Kusumaningtyas Study Program of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Author
  • Sukemi Sukemi Study Program of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Author
  • Erwin Erwin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/jsk.v5i4.541%20-%20549

Keywords:

Rhizospora mucronata, Leaf extract, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial activity

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves, as well as the phytochemical elements contained in the leaf extract. Extracts from R. mucronata leaf samples were obtained by maceration in ethanol-based solvents. The ethanolic extract of R. mucronata leaves is known to have an antidiabetic effect on mice, evidenced by its ability to reduce blood glucose levels. Giving ethanol extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW gives the greatest antidiabetic effect. The antibacterial activity of the extract against the tested bacteria and fungi was also limited due to the presence of contaminants in the ethanolic extract. The analysis of secondary metabolites using LC-MS revealed that the ethanolic extract of R. mucronata leaves contained 25 different secondary metabolite compounds. Furthermore research to purify and identify the compounds in the ethanolic extract of R. mucronata is required to develop this resource as an antimicrobial and antidiabetic drug based on natural materials.

References

Pelkonen O., Xu Q., Fan T.P. 2014. Why is Research on Herbal Medicinal Products Important and How Can We Improve Its Quality, J Tradit Complement Med. vol. 4, pp.1–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/2225-4110.124323

Atanasov A.G., Zotchev S.B., Dirsch V.M. 2021. Natural Products in Drug Discovery Advances and Opportunities. Nature Reviews. vol. 20, pp: 201-216.

Verma S., Gupta M., Popli, Aggarwal G. 2018. Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Using Helbal Drug. International Journal of Phytomedicine. vol. 10, pp. 1-10.

Salehi B. 2018. Antidiabetic potential of medicinal plants and their active components. Journal Biomolecules. vol. 9, pp. 551. https://doi.og:10.3390/biom9100551.

Choudhury H., Pandey M., Hua C.K., Mun C.S., Jing J.K., Kong L., Ern L.Y., Ashraf N.A., Kit S.W., Yee T.S., Pichika M.R., Gorain B., Kesharwani P. 2018. An update on natural compounds in the remedy of Diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. J Tradit Complement Med. vol. 8, pp. 361-376. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.012.

Moradi B., Abbaszadeh S., Shahsavari S., Alizadeh M., Beyranvand F. 2018. The most useful medicinal herbs to treat diabetes. Biomedical Research and Therapy. vol. 5, pp. 2538-2551. https://doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v5i8.463

Tran Ng., Pham B., Le L. 2020. Bioactive compounds in anti-diabetic plants: from hernal medicine to modern drug discovery. Biology, vol. 9, pp. 252. doi: 3390/biology9090252.

Bharti S.K., Krishnan S., Kumar A., Kumar A. 2018. Antidiabetic phytoconstituents and their mode of action on metabolic pathways. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab vol. 9, pp. 81-100. doi: 10.1177/2042018818755019.

Younes A.B., Salen M.B., Abd H. El, Jarraya R. 2018. Phytochemical screening and antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties pf Anthyllis henoniana (Coss.) flowers extracts in an alloxan-induced rats model of diabetes. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. pp. 8516302. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8516302

Panchal M., Shah B., Murti M., Shah M. 2011. Phytochemical investigation and antidiabetic activity studies of Moringa oliefera roots. Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. vol. 3, pp. 268-277.

Mitra S., Naskar N., Chaudhuri P. 2021. A review on potential bioactive phytochemicals for novel therapeutic applications with special emphasis on mangrove species. Phytomedicine Plus. Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100107.

Sur T.K., Hazra A.K., Bhattacharyya D., Hazra A. 2015. Antiradical and antidiabetic properties of standardized extract of Sunderban mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. Pharmacogn. Mag. vol. 1, pp, 389–394. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.153094.

Habib M.D.A., Khatun F., Ruma M.K., Chowdhury A.S.M.H.K., Silve A. R., Rahman A., & Hossain M.I. 2018. A Review on phytochemical constituents of pharmaceutically important mangrove plants, their medicinal uses and pharmacological activities. Vedic Research International Phytomedicine. vol. 6, pp. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.14259/pm. v6i1.220.

Al-Jaghthmi O.H.A., Zeid I.E.M.E.A. 2020. Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effect of rhizophora mucronata and avicennia marina against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male rats. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res. vol. 7, pp. 177–185. https://doi.org/10. 10.5455/javar.2020.g408.

Aljaghthmi O.H., Heba H.M., Zeid I.M.A. 2017. Antihyperglycemic Properties of Mangrove Plants (Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina): An Overview. Advances in Biological Research. vol. 11, pp, 161-170. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.abr.2017.161.170

Selvaraj G., Kaliamurtho S., Thirugnasambadan R. 2016. Effect of Glycosin alkaloid from Rhizophora apiculata in non-insulin dependent diabetic rats and its mechanism of action: In vivo and in silico studies. Phytomedicine. vol. 23, pp. 632–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.004

Jadhav R.B.L., Dhavan P.P., Patel P. 2019. In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Lumnitzera Racemosa Leaves. Int. Res. J. Pharm. vol. 10. pp. 220–227. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1004152.

Morada N.J., Ephrime B., Metillo E.B., Uy M.M., Oclarit J.M. 2016. Toxicity and hypoglycemic effect of tannin-containing extract from the mangrove tree Sonneratia alba Sm. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci. vol. 1, pp. 58–64.

Chandrika P., Prasad K.R., Phani R.S.CH. 2020. Phytochemical screening and Evaluation of Antibacterial activity and various Anti-oxidant studies of root extracts of Mangrove plant Dalbergia spinosa. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. 13 pp: 2551–2555. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00454.0.

Lopez D., Cherigo L., Sedas A.De., Spadafora C., Luis C.M. 2018. Evaluation of antiparasitic, anticancer, antimicrobial and hypoglycemic properties of organic extracts from Panamanian mangrove plants. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. vol. 11, pp. 32–39. https://doi.org/10. 4103/1995-7645.223531.

Ahmad I., Ambarwati N.S.S., Lukman A., Masruhim M.A., Rijai L., Mun'im A. 2018. In vitro Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Mangrove Fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) Extract. Pharmacogn. J. vol. 10, pp, 598–601.

Eswaraiah G., Peele K.A., Krupanidhi S., Kumar R.B., Venkateswarulu T.C. 2020. Studies on phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial analysis and separation of bioactive leads of leaf extract from the selected mangroves. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. vol. 32, pp. 842–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2019.03.002.

Usman, Amir M.M., Erika F., Nurdin M., Kuncoro H. 2019. Antidiabetic activity of leaf extract from three types of mangrove originating from sambera coastal region Indonesia. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. vol. 12, pp. 1707–1712. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00284.1.

Sadeer N.B., Rocchetti G., Senizza B., Montesano D., Zengin G., Uysal A., Jeewon R., Lucini L, & Mahomoodal M.F. 2019. Untargeted metabolomic profiling, multivariate analysis and biological evaluation of the true mangrove. (Rhizophora Mucronata Lam.). Antioxidants. vol. 8, pp: 1–20.

Rhizophora Mucronata royalty-free images. 2023. Diakses 15 Juli 2023 dari https://www.shutterstock.com/search/rhizophora-mucronata

Sinaga S.M., Haro G., Sudarmi S., and Iksen. 2019. Phytochemical Screening and Anthihyperglycemic Activity OF Ethanolic Extract OF Coriandrum sativum L. Leaf. Rasayan J. Chem. vol. 12. pp. 1992-1996. https://doi.org//10.31788/RJC.2019.1245451.

Luzi, L and Pozza, G. 1997. Glibenclamide: an old drug with a novel mechanism of action. Acta Diabetol. vol. 34. pp. 239–244. https://doi.org./10.1007/s005920050081

Valgas C., de Souza S.M., Smania E.F.A., Smania Jr.A. 2007. Screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology vol. 38, pp. 369-380.

Lelono R.A., Tachibana. 2013. Preliminary Studies of Indonesian Eugenia polyantha Leaf Extracts as Inhibitors of Key Enzymes for Type 2 Diabetes. J. Med. Sci. vol. 13, pp. 103–110. https:doi.org/10.3923/jms.2013.103.110.

Subrata D., Kamalesh P., Asraf A. K., Pranabesh C. 2016. In Silico and In Vitro Screening of Ethanolic Extract of Fruits of Withania Coagulans against Diabetes. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. vol. 9, pp. 1341–1343. https:doi.org/10.3923/jms.2013.103.110

Anupam K.S., Rao C.V., and Nikhil C.V. 2020. Determination of Antidiabetic Potential in Crude Extract of Caesalpinia bonducella Wild on normal and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats Res. J. Pharm. Technol. vol. 13, pp. 857–861. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00162.6

Sundarrajan T., Velmurugan V., and Srimathi R. 2017. Phytochemical Evaluation and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic extract of Alternanthera ficodia Linn. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. vol. 10, pp. 2981–2983. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00527.3

Patel D.K., Kumar R., Laloo D., and Hemalatha S. 2012. Natural Medicines from Plant Source Used for Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Its Pharmacological Aspects. Asian Pacific J. Trop. Dis. pp. 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60054-1.

Sachithanandam V., Lalitha P.I., Parthiban A., Mageswaran T., Manmadhan K., and Sridhar R. 2019. A Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Indian Mangrove Plants with Reference to Island Ecosystem. Hindawi, Evidence-based Complement. Altern. Med. pp. 1-21.

Shrivastava K., Sahu S., Mishra S., and De K. 2014 In vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Syzygium aromaticum. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. vol. 4, pp. 12–15.

Shrivastava K., Sahu S., Mishra S., De K. 2014 In vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Syzygium aromaticum. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. vol. 4, pp. 12–15.

Pradeep S., Munglu M., Dhar D.R., Shweta P., Shilpi C., Shekhar V., Tanushree C. 2011. Natural Plant Products with Potential Antimicrobial Activity. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. vol. 3, pp. 1–9.

Sahoo G., Mulla N.S.S., Ansari Z.A., Mohandass C. 2012. Antibacterial activity of mangrove leaf extracts against human pathogen. Indian J Pharm Sci. vol. 74, pp. 348–351. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.107068

Rastegar S., Gozari M. 2016. Antioxidant and antifungal activities of two spices of mangrove plant extracts. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine. vol. 4, pp. 779-783.

Arulkumara A., Kumar K.S., Paramasivam S. 2020. Antibacterial and invitro antioxidant potential of Indian mangroves. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. vol. 23, pp. 101491. doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101491

Bhalodia N.R., Shukla, V.J. 2011 Antibacterial and antifungal activities from leaf extracts of Cassia fistula L: an ethnomedicinal plant. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res. vol. 2, pp. 104–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.82956.

Downloads

Published

2025-01-14

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 4 (2023): J. Sains Kes.

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

An Evaluation of the Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Activity of an Ethanolic Extract from Rhizophora mucronata Leaf. (2025). Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan, 5(4), 541-549. https://doi.org/10.30872/jsk.v5i4.541 - 549