Status Nutrisi, Komorbiditas dan Fungsi Kognitif pada Lansia Perempuan di Panti Wreda

Abstract

 

Background

Cognitive impairment is a condition of decreased brain capacity that affects memory, concentration, and decision-making abilities. Nutritional issues have been linked to cognitive function. The presence of comorbid diseases can contribute to cognitive impairment through mechanisms such as vascular damage, neuroinflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. Understanding the complex interactions between nutritional status, comorbidities, and cognitive function is crucial for the early identification of at-risk individuals and the development of prevention and therapeutic strategies to maintain cognitive function.

Methods

This research involves the elderly (seniors) from the Al Madiniyah Family Welfare Center. Cognitive status was assessed using the MoCA-Ina instrument (Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian Version) and nutritional status using the MNA-SF instrument (Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form). Patient medical history was obtained through interviews with patients. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the relationships between variables were tested using multivariate analysis.

Results

This study involved 23 female subjects. The characteristics of the respondents' distribution based on age classification enter the middle elderly category with 11 subjects (47.83%), with an average age of the respondents being 72.9 years. The most common highest education level was primary school (SD) with 10 subjects (43.48%). The average MoCA-Ina score was 16.9, with a minimum score of 3 and a maximum of 29. There was 1 subject (4.36%) with severe dementia, 4 subjects (17.39%) with moderate dementia, 7 subjects (30.43%) with mild dementia, 9 subjects (39.13%) with mild cognitive impairment, and 2 subjects (8.69%) normal. Nutritional status measured by MNA-SF had an average score of 10.3, with a minimum score of 3 and a maximum of 14. There were 3 subjects (13.04%) with malnutrition, 14 subjects (60.87%) at risk of malnutrition, and 6 subjects (26.09%) with normal nutrition. For chronic disease data, out of 23 respondents, hypertension is the most common comorbidity (34.69%), followed by hypercholesterolemia (16.33%) and hyperuricemia (10.20%). Other comorbidities found include stomach disease, osteoarthritis, heart disease, cataracts and only 1 subject with diabetes mellitus.