The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Livestock Subsector

Authors

  • Hamdi Mayulu Animal Sciences Department of Agricultural Faculty, Mulawarman University, Kampus Gunung Kelua Jl. Pasir Belengkong Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia Author
  • Endang Sawitri Laboratory of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Mulawarman University, Kampus Gunung Kelua Jl. Krayan Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia Author
  • Irsan Tricahyadinata Faculty Economics and Business, Mulawarman University, Kampus Gunung Kelua Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/jsk.v5i2.p250-259

Keywords:

Impact, Covid-19 Pandemic, Products, Economic Livestock

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on human activities and all sectors globally. This study aims to review the impact of the pandemic on livestock products. Furthermore, data were collected from several literature, websites, national, and international news, relevant to current policies and conditions. The impact on the livestock sub-sector is not measured and includes a decrease in purchasing power and demand for livestock products such as meat, milk, and eggs, decreased profitability, hampered distribution of production inputs such as feed and medicine affect the increasing production costs, veterinary services limitation, hinder the livestock animal and product distribution, disruption on marketing and business downturn. Meanwhile, the positive impact is that farmers created an online-based digital innovation, known as e-commerce, involving product marketing, business, and product diversification. The Government also plays a vital role in demand and price stabilization, which ensures the supply chain sustainability of the products. Therefore, the livestock business can keep running sustainably, especially during the pandemic.

References

Shereen, M. A., S. Khan, A. Kazmi, N. Bashir, and R. Siddique. 2020. COVID-19 infection: emergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research, 24: 91-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005

Carroll, W. D., V. Strenger, E. Eber, F. Porcaro, R. Cutrera, D. A. Fitzgerald, I. M. Balfour-Lynn. 2020. European and United Kingdom COVID-19 pandemic experience: The same but different. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 35: 50-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.012

Tanner, T and D. M. Wahezi. 2020. Hyperinflammation and the utility of immunomodulatory medications in children with COVID-19. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 15: 81-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.07.003

Barouki, R., M. Kogevinas, K. Audouze, K. Belesova, A. Bergman, L. Birnbaum, S. Boekhold, S. Denys, C. Desseille, E. Drakvik, H. Frumkin, J. Garric, D. D. Garzon, A. Haines, A. Huss, G. Jensen, S. Karakitsios, J. Klanova, I. M. Koskela, F. Laden, F. Marano, E. F. M. Wiesler, G. Morris, J. Nowacki, R. Paloniemi, N. Pearce, A. Peters, A. Rekola, D. Sarigiannis, K. Sebkova, R. Slama, B. Staatsen, C. Tonne, R. Vermeulen, P. Vineis, and the HERA-COVID-19 Working Group. 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic and global environmental change: emerging research needs. Environmental International, 146:1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106272

Ridaura., A. Sanders, L. B. Escota, J. Wiegel, M. M. Cortes, C. G. Esquivel, M. A. L. Ramirez, R. M. E. Masis, E. M. Galindo, and T. S. G. Barcena. 2021. Immediate impact of COVID-19 pandemic on farming systems in Central America and Mexico. Agricultural Systems, 192: 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103178

Adzanian, D. F. D., I. Kentjonowaty, and I. R. Dinasari. 2021. Literature study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on price fluctuations and marketing of broilers in East Java. Jurnal Dinamika Rekasatwa, 4 (2): 271-281. [Downloaded 29 October 2021]. Available at: http://jim.unisma.ac.id/index.php/fapet/article/viewFile/12770/9935

Benita, F and F. G. Sanchez. 2021. The main factors influencing COVID-19 spread and deaths in Maxico: A comparison between phases I and II. Applied Geography, 134: 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102523

Corlett, R. T., R. B. Primack, V. Devictor, B. Mass, V. Goswami, A. Bates, L. P. Koh, T. Reagan, R. Loyola, R. J. Pakeman, G. S. Cumming, A. Pidgeon, D. Johns, and R. Roth. 2020. Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on biodiversity conservation. Biological conservation, 246: 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108571

Goswami, R., K. Roy. S. Dutta, K. Ray, S. Sarkar, K. Brahmachari, M. K. Nanda, M. Mainuddin, H. Banerjee, J. Timsina, K. Majumdar. 2021. Multi-faceted impact and outcome of COVID-19 on smallholder agricultural systems: integrating qualitative research and fuzzy cognitive mapping to explore resilient strategies. Agricultural Systems, 189: 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103051

Siche, R. 2020. What is the impact of COVID-19 disease on agriculture? Scientia Agropecuaria 11 (1): 3-6. DOI: https://10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.01.00

Ikhsan, M and I. G. S. Virananda. 2021. How COVID-19 affects food security in Indonesia. LPEM-FEB UI Working Paper 061: 1-13. [Downloaded 28 October 2021]. Available at: https://www.lpem.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/WP-LPEM-061_How_COVID-19_Affects_Food_Security_in_Indonesia.pdf

Rahman, M. S and G. C. Das. 2021. Effect of COVID-19 on the livestock sector in Bangladesh and recommendation. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 4: 1-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100128

Mayulu, H. 2021. Cattle and enterprises management. PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Depok. [Downloaded 27 October 2021]. Available at: http://repository.unmul.ac.id/handle/123456789/6276

Diaz, E. A., L, Scudiero, F. Schneider, and H. Steinfeld. 2020. Global agenda for sustainable livestock stakeholder consultation on Covid-19 in the livestock sector globally in April-May 2020. Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock:1-37. [Downloaded 29 October 2021]. Available at: http://www.livestockdialogue.org/fileadmin/templates/res_livestock/docs/2020_GASL_Global_Consultation_report_COVID-19_Impacts.pdf

Mtimet, N., F. Wanyoike, K. M. Rich, and I. Baltenweck. 2021. Zoonotic diseases and the COVID-19 pandemic: Economic impacts on Somaliland’s livestock exports to Saudi Arabia. Global Food Security, 28: 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100512

Fridayani, H. D and M. Iqbal. 2020. An analysis Indonesia’s new normal policy implementation during COVID-19 and its impact on economic aspect. Jurnal Caraka Prabu, 4(2): 197-205. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jcp.v4i2.293

Sparrow, R., T. Dartanto and R. Hartwig. 2020. Indonesia under the new normal: challenges and the way ahead. Challenges and the Way Ahead, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56 (3): 269-299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854079

Nicola, M., Z. Alsafi, C. Sohrabi, A. Kerwan, A. Al-Jabir, C. Iosifidis, M. Agha, and R. Agha. 2020. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78: 185-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018

Sapulette, M. S and T. Santoso. 2021. Macroeconomic and public health policies amid COVID-19 pandemic: global financial sectors’ response. Economy and Financial Assessment, 5(2):91-102. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.V5.2.879

Oh, J., J. K. Lee, D. Schwarz, H. L. Ratcliffe, J. F. Markuns, and L. R. Hirschhorn. 2020. National response to COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea and lessons learned for other countries. Health Systems& Reform, 6 (1): 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2020.1753464

McBryde, E. S., M. T. Meehan, O. A. Adegboye, A. I. Adekunle, D. M. Caldwell, A. Pak, D. P. Rojas, B. M. Williams, J. M. Trauer. 2020. Role of modelling in COVID-19 policy development. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 35: 57-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.013

Wozniak, E and A. Tyczwska. 2021. Bioeconomy during the COVID-19 and perspectives for the post-pandemic world: Example from EU. EFB Bioeconomy Journal, 1: 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioeco.2021.100013

Verschuur, J., E. E. Koks, and J. W. Hall. 2021. Global economic impacts of COVID-19 lockdown measures stand out in high frequency shipping data. PLOS ONE 16(4): 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248818

Junaedi, D., F. Salistia, M. R. Arsyad, and M. Romli. 2021. The impacts of Covid-19 to the economics of Bogor community. Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 3 (2): 207-226. [Downloaded 28 October 2021]. Available at: https://journal.laaroiba.ac.id/index.php/reslaj/article/view/283

Statistics Indonesia (BPS)a. 2021. Analysis on COVID-19 Impact on Businesses Owners Volume 2. Statistics Indonesia of the Republic of Indonesia. [Downloaded 29 October 2021]. Available at: https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2021/12/20/6f33d7296975e65db707fade/hasil-survei-kegiatan-usaha-pada-masa-pandemi-covid-19.html

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 2020. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trade and development: Transitioning to a new normal. United Nations Publications. [Downloaded 29 October 2021]. Available at: https://unctad.org/publication/impact-covid-19-pandemic-trade-and-development-transitioning-new-normal

Hashem, N. M., A. G. Bulnes and A. J. R. Morales. 2020. Animal welfare and livestock supply chain sustainability under the COVID-19 outbreak: an overview. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7. DOI: https://10.3389/fvets.2020.582528

Sembada, P., A. Hakim, and S. D. S. Andik. 2021. The Impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the value chain of qurban animals in Jakarta Greater Area: case study at Mahir Farm. Journal of Animal production and Processing Technology, 9 (2): 64-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.9.2.64-71

Ilham, N and G. Haryanto. 2020. The impact of Covid-19 on production and capacity of breeders. 193-214. Center for Agricultural Social Economy and Policies, Directorate of Processing and Marketing of Livestock Products. [Downloaded 29 October 2021]. Available at: https://pse.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/pdffiles/10-BBRC-2020-III-1-2-ILH.pdf

Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health (Directorate General of PKH). 2021. Statistics of Livestock and Animal Health 2021. Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. [Downloaded 30 October 2021]. Available at: https://pusvetma.ditjenpkh.pertanian.go.id/upload/statistik/1644549920.Buku_Statistik_2021.pdf

Liana, D. 2021. Challenges of economic recovery 2022 through the increasing of communities purchasing power. Bulleting of APBN, VI. Edition 9. Editor: M. Nasution, R. A. Syafri and S. A. Effendi. Pusat Kajian Anggaran Badan Keahlian DPR RI. [Downloaded 28 October 2021]. Available at: https://puskajianggaran.dpr.go.id/index

Fitzgerald, D. A., K. Nunn, and D. Isaacs. 2020. Consequences of physical distancing emanating from the COVID-19 pandemic: An Australian perspective. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 35: 25-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.005

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 2020. Indonesia multi-sectoral response plan to COVID-19. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and The United Nations Resident Coordinator Office (RCO) in collaboration with humanitarian and development partners in Indonesia. [Downloaded 28 October 2021]. Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-multi-sectoral-response-plan-covid-19-may-october-2020

Mueller, V., K. A. Grepin, A. Rabbani, B. Navial, A. S. W. Ngunjiri, and N. Wu. 2021. Food insecurity and COVID-19 risk in low- and middle-income countries. Appl Econ Perspect Policy:1-18. DOI: https://10.1002/aepp.13200

Rusdiana, S and C. Talib. 2020. National strategy and policy on the agricultural sector during the Covid-19 outbreak. Journal of Agricultural Social Economy,14 (3): 572-590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/SOCA.2020.v14.i03.p17

Statistics Indonesia (BPS)b. 2021. Big Data Study on Covid-19 Pandemic Recovery in Indonesia. Statistics Indonesia of the Republic of Indonesia. [Downloaded 28 October 2021]. Available at: https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2021/08/06/e54d9c531e3a09a959329172/kajian-big-data-sinyal-pemulihan-indonesia-dari-pandemi-covid-19.html

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)a. 2020. Mitigating the impacts of COVID-19 on the livestock sector. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. . [Downloaded 27 October 2021]. Available at: https://www.fao.org/documents/card/es/c/ca8799en/

Harmen. 2020. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the feed availability of livestock in West Sumatera. Jurnal Pembangunan Nagari, 5(2): 130-147. [Downloaded 26 October 2021]. Available at: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resource/pt/covidwho-1645107

Taylor, C. A., C. Boulos, and D. Almond. 2020. Livestock plants and COVID-19 transmission. PNAS 117 (50): 31706-31715. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010115117

Gortazar, C and J. Fuente. 2020. COVID-19 is likely to impact animal health. Preventive Veterinary Medicine,180:1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105030

Biswal, J., K. Vijayalakshmy and H. Rahman. 2020. Impact of COVID-19 and associated lockdown on livestock and poultry sectors in India. Veterinary World, 13 (9): 1928-1933. DOI: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1928-1933

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)b. 2020. Guidelines to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on livestock production and animal health. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. [Downloaded 26 October 2021]. Available at: https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca9177en

Balagtas, J and J. Cooper. 2021. The impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on U.S. meat and livestock markets. U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of the Chief Economist. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.311036

Surni., D. R. Nendissa, M. A. Wahib, M. H. Astuti, P. Arimbawa, Miar, M. M. J. Kapa, and E. F. Elbaar. 2020. Socio-economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic: Empirical study on the supply of chicken meat in Indonesia. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 6 (1): 65–81. DOI: https://10.3934/agrfood.2021005

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)c. 2020. Food systems and COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean: Impacts and opportunities in fresh food production. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. [Downloaded 26 October 2021]. Available at: https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/45898/1/cb0501_en.pdf

Mercy Corps. 2020. The economic impact of covid-19 on agriculture and financial services in ninewa: A rapid market analysis of agriculture needs in Ninewa. Mercy Corps. [Downloaded 28 October 2021]. Available at:https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/assessments/perma-the_economic_impact_of_covid-19_on_agriculture_in_ninewa_-_rapid_market_analysis.pdf

Maskur, C. A. 2020. The impact analysis of Covid-19 on the income of poultry farmers in Probolinggo Regency. Agriovet, 3 (1): 63-74. [Downloaded 28 October 2021]. Available at: https://ejournal.kahuripan.ac.id/index.php/agriovet/article/view/451/332

Amanta, F and I. Aprilianti. 2020. Indonesian food trade policy during Covid-19. Policy Brief No. 1. Center for Indonesian Policy Studies (CIPS). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35497/309123

Published

2025-01-14

How to Cite

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Livestock Subsector. (2025). Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan, 5(2), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.30872/jsk.v5i2.p250-259